Bedrich Smetana (1824-1884)
Haakon Jarl Op 16
The Czech national composer Bedrich Smetana, who celebrated his 200th birthday last year, had close ties to Gothenburg. Between 1856 and 1861 he worked in the city as a conductor, pianist and teacher. He developed the city's musical life, founded a music school and composed several works, including three symphonic poems – Wallenstein's Camp, Rickard III and Haakon Jarl, which was the last work Smetana wrote before returning to Prague.
After a trip to Weimar, where Smetana was fascinated by the way Franz Liszt transformed literary works into music, Smetana decided to broaden his library with works that would suit a Scandinavian audience. Haakon Jarl is based on a tragedy by the Danish playwright Adam Oehlenschläger. The story takes place in Viking-age Norway, where the ruler, also known as Håkon Sigurdsson, fights against the advance of Christianity.
Smetana's Haakon Jarl offers drama from the first note. Dark, doom-laden themes reflect Haakon's ruthless rule, while bright hymn-like melodies depict the budding faith in a new era. There is much emotion and theatricality as a Nordic legend comes to life in Smetana's romantic tone.
Jörgen Wade
Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849)
Piano Concerto No. 1
Allegro maestoso
Romanze - Largetto
Rondo – Vivace
Chopin's piano concerto in E minor was published in 1833, and "the second" in F minor in 1836 (although he had already composed it at age 19). Both reflect his fondness for Bellini's operas, especially Norma, whose ornaments he adapted and personified. The main theme is introduced by the orchestra at considerable length, adding to the tension. Once the piano enters, glowing lyrical ornaments follow. Chopin was sometimes criticized for focusing more on the strength of the piano than on the qualities of the orchestra, but this probably contributed to his success with audiences.
The second movement is slow and caressing. Chopin wrote under the composition: "I am using muted strings - I wonder how they will sound?" He described the largetto as having "a romantic, calm and rather melancholic character ... a kind of moonlight dream on a beautiful spring night." The main theme of the rondo in E major has been likened to a polka or krakowiac (also a dance). Chopin modulates to A major, and before the refreshing final clip, he moves into E flat, then B flat in the section's return.
The Piano Concerto in E minor was first performed in Warsaw in 1830 with Chopin as soloist, shortly before he left his homeland for Paris and never returned.
Bela Bartók (1881-1945)
Concerto for Orchestra
Introduzione
Gioco delle coppie
Elegia
Intermezzo interrotto
Finale
When this music was written in 1943, Bela Bartók had two years left to live. He had come to the United States fleeing a Europe at war and clawed his way through a few lean years in New York. The honorary doctorate at Harvard provided no income. In addition, he became increasingly ill, what previously appeared to be tuberculosis turned out to be leukemia. But he continued to compose as always. Work was his life - and pleasure too, if you will. Like a child, he rested by doing other things.
He was first and foremost a music ethnologist, that is, a recorder and collector of folk music. And it was among other things this immeasurable library, more than 13,000 melodies, he was so keen to save the Second World War. Countless trips in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Turkey were made with a phonograph as a memory aid. In between, he composed, on top of that a whole lot of teaching as income and change, and of course an extensive activity as a concert pianist in many countries. In addition, he was interested in collecting plants, beetles, learning new languages. Palestrina's music was always on the piano and he never traveled without his thumbed score of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring under his arm. Is there a diagnosis for this? we would ask today.
The music Bela Bartók wrote was highly influenced by all the music he saw and heard on his collecting trips, but in the later works you can also hear how fascinated he was by the Baroque masters. The concerto for orchestra was commissioned by the Sergei Koussevitsky Music Foundation. Bartók himself has described the music as a journey from austerity via an ominous song to a life-affirming ending. Like Mozart, he composed incredibly quickly, he couldn't get an idea out of his head until the next one appeared. With such a cacophony within, it is no wonder that throughout his life he sought out quiet places.
Bartok himself saw the collection of folk music as his greatest and most important deed for more than one reason: "My own idea is the brotherhood of peoples, brotherhood despite all wars and conflicts. I try - as best I can - to serve that idea in my music: therefore I reject no influences, whether Slovak, Romanian, Arabic, or from other sources." (Bartók, 1931)
KATARINA A KARLSSON