Bela Bartók (1881-1945)
Concerto for Orchestra
Introduzione
Gioco delle coppie
Elegia
Intermezzo interrotto
Finale
When this music was written in 1943, Bela Bartók had two years left to live. He had come to the United States fleeing a Europe at war and clawed his way through a few lean years in New York. The honorary doctorate at Harvard provided no income. In addition, he became increasingly ill, what previously appeared to be tuberculosis turned out to be leukemia. But he continued to compose as always. Work was his life - and pleasure too, if you will. Like a child, he rested by doing other things.
He was first and foremost a music ethnologist, that is, a recorder and collector of folk music. And it was among other things this immeasurable library, more than 13,000 melodies, he was so keen to save the Second World War. Countless trips in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Turkey were made with a phonograph as a memory aid. In between, he composed, on top of that a whole lot of teaching as income and change, and of course an extensive activity as a concert pianist in many countries. In addition, he was interested in collecting plants, beetles, learning new languages. Palestrina's music was always on the piano and he never traveled without his thumbed score of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring under his arm. Is there a diagnosis for this? we would ask today.
The music Bela Bartók wrote was highly influenced by all the music he saw and heard on his collecting trips, but in the later works you can also hear how fascinated he was by the Baroque masters. The concerto for orchestra was commissioned by the Sergei Koussevitsky Music Foundation. Bartók himself has described the music as a journey from austerity via an ominous song to a life-affirming ending. Like Mozart, he composed incredibly quickly, he couldn't get an idea out of his head until the next one appeared. With such a cacophony within, it is no wonder that throughout his life he sought out quiet places.
Bartok himself saw the collection of folk music as his greatest and most important deed for more than one reason: "My own idea is the brotherhood of peoples, brotherhood despite all wars and conflicts. I try - as best I can - to serve that idea in my music: therefore I reject no influences, whether Slovak, Romanian, Arabic, or from other sources." (Bartók, 1931)
KATARINA A KARLSSON
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
Symphony No. 4 in A, Op 90 "The Italian"
Allegro vivace
Andante con moto
Con moto moderato
Saltarello Presto
No other composer - Mozart not excluded - has written such magnificently gifted music already as a child. Between the ages of eleven and fifteen, Felix Mendelssohn composed thirteen string symphonies, four operas, five concertos and countless chamber music works, in addition to piano and organ pieces, solo songs and choirs. And a great deal of this is still in the standard repertoire worldwide. He was the son of the wealthy banker Abraham, in whose home artists and musicians were constant guests. On Sundays, the banker used to organize concerts at his home in Berlin. Court musicians and the siblings Felix and Fanny appeared as soloists, and in the audience you could not infrequently find the philosopher Hegel or the scientist Humboldt. So it is perhaps not surprising that the talented Felix made such progress already in his boyhood.
When he was fifteen years old, he began his first symphony for a full orchestra. He managed to write four more symphonies before his premature death at the age of only 38.
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Akademische Festouvertüre Op 80
At age 60, Brahms was widely considered the greatest living composer. He became an honorary citizen of the city of his birth, Hamburg, and was honored with a commemorative medal from the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. He was called to Cambridge to receive an honorary doctorate from the university, but Brahms was not keen on for these kinds of honors, so he declined. It was easier for him to accept a similar offer from the somewhat more anonymous Breslau, and as a thank you he wrote the Academic Festival Overture, based on famous German student songs. It all starts in mournful C minor and then follows the songs "Wir hatten gebaut ein stattliches Haus", "Landesvaters", "Fuchslieder" and finally (the well-known among students) "Gaudeamus igitur". Brahms has hardly been known as a jubilant composer, and nowhere in his output is one to find more exuberant C major tuning than in this overture's glittering final bars.
STIG JACOBSSON