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In 1844, Robert Schumann had his first serious nervous breakdown, which was followed by several others. The family moved to the quieter Dresden. The Second Symphony became a kind of recovery project. Unusually, all four movements are written in C major or C minor. This can create problems. But Schumann skillfully avoids the work becoming static and harmonically monotonous by inserting contrasting elements - different rhythms, tempi and short key changes within each movement. The first movement begins with the trumpets playing a chorale-like fanfare over the strings. That fanfare returns in the brass in the second movement and also concludes the entire symphony. Like Beethoven, Schumann puts the fast scherzo movement in second place - an incredibly virtuoso perpetuum mobile in the strings and two slower trio sections with woodwinds. A funny two-note motif is repeated through almost the entire movement like an encouraging mantra. The Adagio movement is truly the symphony's emotional center, like a long, melancholic opera aria with poignant solos in the woodwinds. Schumann is said to have been so moved while writing it that he had to take a long break before tackling the joyful, grand final movement which, in addition to robust, march-like elements, uses a simple theme in solo oboe from Beethoven's song An die ferne Geliebte. It was Schumann's tribute to his wife Clara.

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Symphony No 7 Half Viennese classicist, half romantic, but mostly Beethoven. That's how we're used to seeing him, but he had other sides as well. In both the 6th and 7th symphonies, the folklorist Beethoven appears. In the former he depicts dancing peasants (third movement), and in the seventh symphony he delivers a finale built around a folk dance. Of course, in Beethoven's artful and powerful arrangement - he is incredibly driving, thrusting with weight and force into the chords at an accelerating pace. This restless, rhythmic rondo is one of his most explosive creations. The symphony opens slowly, with upward movements (fast versus slow) contrasted with a pretty, dancing trio. Note Beethoven's orchestral dramaturgy as he strips away the score from the full orchestra until only a flute and an oboe remain. Then the main theme takes over, heralding the 9th Symphony's An die Freude. In the thematic development work, one can often discern the struggle of the lonely against the many, a constantly recurring theme in Beethoven's music. The well-known allegretto in movement two is definitely the symphony's pièce de résistance. This variation movement must have seemed like a very strange animal in Beethoven's time: an evocative passacaglia with a rhythmic figure - one long, two short, two long - pulsating throughout the movement. Above this, Beethoven weaves and develops new parts that increase in strength and scope and then thin out and tone down. The swells are crowned by a couple of solid climaxes. This is Bach and the future at once, the innovative polyphony that would blossom fully in the late string quartets and piano sonatas. The third movement is a scherzo to everything but the name – never have boisterous male laughter (the low strings) and female laughter cascades (the woodwind) been depicted so vividly as here. Beethoven also achieves unusual harmonic effects when he lets the trumpets lie on pedal notes above (reversed!) the melody in the rest of the orchestra. The symphony was first performed on 8 December 1813 together with the almost farcical commissioned work Wellington's Victory, including crevados, cannons and a fugato on God save the King. There is no doubt as to which work is the better.

Esa-Pekka Salonen is both composer and conductor, long known as the leader of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. Starting with the 2026–2027 season, he is appointed Creative Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Creative Director of the Philharmonie de Paris. From 2027–2028, he is Chief Conductor of the Orchestre de Paris. He is Conductor Laureate of the Philharmonia Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Honorary Conductor of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. 2020- 2025, he was Music Director of the San Francisco Symphony. He is a teacher at the Colburn School in Los Angeles, where he founded and directs the Negaunee Conducting Program. Salonen also co-founded the annual Baltic Sea Festival in Stockholm. He began the 2025-2026 season touring with Orchestre de Paris, premiering his new horn concerto. Other highlights include the Pierre Boulez 100th anniversary program at the New York Philharmonic, residencies at Sveriges Radio and the Bergen International Festival, and concerts with the LA Phil, Philadelphia Orchestra and Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He concludes the season at the Ojai Music Festival in California, which he curates as musical director, and is also director of the 2026 Tanglewood Festival. Salonen has an extensive and varied recording catalogue, both as conductor and composer. Recent releases include the Grammy-winning recording of Kaija Saariaho's Adriana Mater on Deutsche Grammophon, recordings of Bartók's three piano concertos with Pierre-Laurent Aimard on Pentatone, and recordings of Ligeti's Clocks and Clouds, Lux Aeterna and Ramifications on Apple Music Classical. His concertos for piano (for Yefim Bronfman), violin (for Leila Josefowicz) and cello (for Yo-Yo Ma) have all been recorded with Salonen conducting.

Le poème de l’extase (1908) is a symphonic manifesto. His increasingly esoteric, aesthetic and philosophical thinking stands with one foot in the late Romantic tradition and with the other in a radically individualized world of sound. Harmony, form and metaphysics merge. Scriabin starts from an expanded tonality, where the “mystical chords” – built up of quarter and tritone relationships – function as a vibrating center of gravity. This ecstatic symphonic poem can be understood as written in free sonata form, but without clear boundaries between exposition, development and reprise. Thematically – and in this we hear one of the more peculiar features of the work – there is a continuous transformation of the sound and chords of the music, rather than through contrasts. The orchestration is refined: high woodwinds, shimmering strings and a pregnant brass section give a sound that constantly strives upwards, towards an ecstatic climax. The work culminates in a finale, where tonal resolution and dynamic maximalism coincide, but not as conflict, but as confirmation.

In 1844, Robert Schumann had his first serious nervous breakdown, which was followed by several others. The family moved to the quieter Dresden. The Second Symphony became a kind of recovery project. Unusually, all four movements are written in C major or C minor. This can create problems. But Schumann skillfully avoids the work becoming static and harmonically monotonous by inserting contrasting elements - different rhythms, tempi and short key changes within each movement. The first movement begins with the trumpets playing a chorale-like fanfare over the strings. That fanfare returns in the brass in the second movement and also concludes the entire symphony. Like Beethoven, Schumann puts the fast scherzo movement in second place - an incredibly virtuoso perpetuum mobile in the strings and two slower trio sections with woodwinds. A funny two-note motif is repeated through almost the entire movement like an encouraging mantra. The Adagio movement is truly the symphony's emotional center, like a long, melancholic opera aria with poignant solos in the woodwinds. Schumann is said to have been so moved while writing it that he had to take a long break before tackling the joyful, grand final movement which, in addition to robust, march-like elements, uses a simple theme in solo oboe from Beethoven's song An die ferne Geliebte. It was Schumann's tribute to his wife Clara.

Richard Wagner (1813-1883) Prelude and Liebestod from Tristan and Isolde The musical language of the opera Tristan und Isolde (1859) is sometimes considered the beginning of musical modernism. Tristan’s harmonic language, filled with linguering and unresolved dissonances, not only realizes the sexual tension between the opera’s two central characters, but also heralds the liberation from the limitations of tonality. The famous “Tristan chord” is an unresolved dissonance, an academic way of saying that it “leads to something”. The prelude exemplifies Wagner’s forward-looking view of both harmony and the question of musical form. Here Wagner’s Leitmotif technique, i.e. central themes that correspond to characters and ideas, is also developed. Something that became completely self-evident in film music many decades later. Isolde has just arrived and finds Tristan dead as the famous piece Liebestod (Love's Death) begins. She wants to sink into unconsciousness and finally consummate her love for Tristan by following him into death. The passage builds to a climax when "waves of refreshing winds" begin to envelop Isolde, and again when she imagines dying in "the mighty wave of the world's breath." She sinks everything as the wind floats and dissolves the chord from the prelude.